Multiple Sclerosis is a result of inflammation of the white matter of the central nervous system. Over time, destruction of myelin or the fatty covering that insulates nerve cell fibers in the brain and spinal cord begins to hamper the transmission of electrochemical messages between the brain, spinal cord, and rest of the body.

When the myelin becomes damaged, neurological transmission of messages may be slowed or blocked completely, leading to diminished or lost function. The name "multiple sclerosis" signifies both the number (multiple) and condition (sclerosis, meaning scarring or hardening) of the demyelinated areas in the central nervous system.

To monitor or diagnose Multiple Sclerosis in a patient, you may order a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) test to help distinguish new plaques from old and help locate central nervous system lesions. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a now used to investigate MS. Unlike MRI, which provides an anatomical picture of lesions, MRS yields information about the biochemistry of the brain in MS.

Procedures

MRI

MRI uses a combination of radio waves and a magnetic field to obtain remarkably detailed images of the brain. MRI images of the brain are clearer and more detailed than other imaging methods, enabling the detection of abnormalities that might be obscured by bone on a CT or x-ray.

MRS

Another application of MRI technology is the use of MR spectroscopy (MRS). This technique generates a representation of the chemical composition of a region of the brain rather than producing an image. MRS is a special technique used to characterize the biochemistry of tumors, infarcts, and other pathology. It can be a useful addition to conventional MRI to distinguish tumors, strokes, and other disease.